📃 Solution for Exercise M6.01

The aim of this notebook is to investigate if we can tune the hyperparameters of a bagging regressor and evaluate the gain obtained.

We will load the California housing dataset and split it into a training and a testing set.

from sklearn.datasets import fetch_california_housing
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

data, target = fetch_california_housing(as_frame=True, return_X_y=True)
target *= 100  # rescale the target in k$
data_train, data_test, target_train, target_test = train_test_split(
    data, target, random_state=0, test_size=0.5
)

Note

If you want a deeper overview regarding this dataset, you can refer to the Appendix - Datasets description section at the end of this MOOC.

Create a BaggingRegressor and provide a DecisionTreeRegressor to its parameter estimator. Train the regressor and evaluate its generalization performance on the testing set using the mean absolute error.

# solution
from sklearn.metrics import mean_absolute_error
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor
from sklearn.ensemble import BaggingRegressor

tree = DecisionTreeRegressor()
bagging = BaggingRegressor(estimator=tree, n_jobs=2)
bagging.fit(data_train, target_train)
target_predicted = bagging.predict(data_test)
print(
    "Basic mean absolute error of the bagging regressor:\n"
    f"{mean_absolute_error(target_test, target_predicted):.2f} k$"
)

Basic mean absolute error of the bagging regressor:
37.25 k$

Now, create a RandomizedSearchCV instance using the previous model and tune the important parameters of the bagging regressor. Find the best parameters and check if you are able to find a set of parameters that improve the default regressor still using the mean absolute error as a metric.

Tip

You can list the bagging regressor’s parameters using the get_params method.

# solution
for param in bagging.get_params().keys():
    print(param)

bootstrap
bootstrap_features
estimator__ccp_alpha
estimator__criterion
estimator__max_depth
estimator__max_features
estimator__max_leaf_nodes
estimator__min_impurity_decrease
estimator__min_samples_leaf
estimator__min_samples_split
estimator__min_weight_fraction_leaf
estimator__monotonic_cst
estimator__random_state
estimator__splitter
estimator
max_features
max_samples
n_estimators
n_jobs
oob_score
random_state
verbose
warm_start

from scipy.stats import randint
from sklearn.model_selection import RandomizedSearchCV

param_grid = {
    "n_estimators": randint(10, 30),
    "max_samples": [0.5, 0.8, 1.0],
    "max_features": [0.5, 0.8, 1.0],
    "estimator__max_depth": randint(3, 10),
}
search = RandomizedSearchCV(
    bagging, param_grid, n_iter=20, scoring="neg_mean_absolute_error"
)
_ = search.fit(data_train, target_train)

import pandas as pd

columns = [f"param_{name}" for name in param_grid.keys()]
columns += ["mean_test_error", "std_test_error"]
cv_results = pd.DataFrame(search.cv_results_)
cv_results["mean_test_error"] = -cv_results["mean_test_score"]
cv_results["std_test_error"] = cv_results["std_test_score"]
cv_results[columns].sort_values(by="mean_test_error")

	param_n_estimators	param_max_samples	param_max_features	param_estimator__max_depth	mean_test_error	std_test_error
11	29	1.0	0.8	9	39.834615	0.803937
16	12	1.0	1.0	8	41.039688	1.306609
14	19	0.8	0.8	7	42.619110	1.258535
5	19	0.5	1.0	6	45.107474	1.132817
17	23	0.5	0.8	6	45.197085	1.506651
2	12	0.8	0.8	6	45.579526	1.512740
8	28	1.0	0.5	8	45.581508	1.285089
10	17	0.8	0.5	7	46.828409	1.110867
12	15	0.8	0.5	7	46.976628	1.629772
18	21	1.0	0.8	5	48.332878	1.028696
7	13	0.5	0.5	7	48.771372	2.414682
1	27	0.5	0.5	6	48.793110	1.794913
15	16	0.5	0.8	4	52.922203	1.286438
3	14	1.0	0.5	5	53.364304	2.220678
13	18	1.0	0.5	5	53.461587	1.875600
6	14	1.0	0.5	4	56.550839	1.532654
0	25	0.8	1.0	3	56.551042	1.058142
19	18	0.8	1.0	3	56.834216	1.040195
9	13	0.8	0.5	4	57.041556	2.133220
4	15	1.0	0.5	3	60.692904	2.207571

target_predicted = search.predict(data_test)
print(
    "Mean absolute error after tuning of the bagging regressor:\n"
    f"{mean_absolute_error(target_test, target_predicted):.2f} k$"
)

Mean absolute error after tuning of the bagging regressor:
38.33 k$

We see that the predictor provided by the bagging regressor does not need much hyperparameter tuning compared to a single decision tree.