Science fiction

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Science fiction is a genre of fiction dealing with imaginative content such as futuristic settings, futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. It often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas".[1] Authors commonly use science fiction as a framework to explore politics, identity, desire, morality, social structure, and other literary themes.

See also[edit]

Notes and references[edit]

  1. ^ Marg Gilks, Paula Fleming, and Moira Allen (2003). "Science Fiction: The Literature of Ideas". WritingWorld.com. 
  2. ^ Knight, Damon Francis (1967). In Search of Wonder: Essays on Modern Science Fiction. Advent Publishing, Inc. p. xiii. ISBN 0-911682-31-7. 
  3. ^ Glassy, Mark C. (2001). The Biology of Science Fiction Cinema. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0998-3. 
  4. ^ Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich (1973). Strong opinions. McGraw-Hill. pp. 3 et seq. ISBN 0-07-045737-9. 
  5. ^ Heinlein, Robert A.; Cyril Kornbluth, Alfred Bester, and Robert Bloch (1959). "Science Fiction: Its Nature, Faults and Virtues". The Science Fiction Novel: Imagination and Social Criticism. University of Chicago: Advent Publishers. 
  6. ^ Rod Serling (1962-03-09). The Twilight Zone, "The Fugitive". 
  7. ^ del Rey, Lester (1980). The World of Science Fiction 1926–1976. Garland Publishing. 
  8. ^ Del Rey, Lester (1979). The World of Science Fiction: 1926–1976. Ballantine Books. p. 5. ISBN 0-345-25452-X. 
  9. ^ Sterling, Bruce. "Science fiction" in Encyclopædia Britannica 2008 [1]
  10. ^ Card, Orson Scott (1990). How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy. Writer's Digest Books. p. 17. ISBN 0-89879-416-1. 
  11. ^ Hartwell, David G. (1996). Age of Wonders: Exploring the World of Science Fiction. Tor Books. pp. 109–131. ISBN 0-312-86235-0. 
  12. ^ Grewell, Greg: "Colonizing the Universe: Science Fictions Then, Now, and in the (Imagined) Future", Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature, Vol. 55, No. 2 (2001), pp. 25–47 (30f.)
  13. ^ Fredericks, S.C.: "Lucian's True History as SF", Science Fiction Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (March 1976), pp. 49–60
  14. ^ Swanson, Roy Arthur: "The True, the False, and the Truly False: Lucian's Philosophical Science Fiction", Science Fiction Studies, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Nov. 1976), pp. 227–239
  15. ^ Georgiadou, Aristoula & Larmour, David H.J.: "Lucian's Science Fiction Novel True Histories. Interpretation and Commentary", Mnemosyne Supplement 179, Leiden 1998, ISBN 90-04-10667-7, Introduction
  16. ^ Gunn, James E., The New Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, Viking, 1988, ISBN 978-0-670-81041-3, p. 249, calls it "Proto-Science Fiction".
  17. ^ Irwin, Robert (2003). The Arabian Nights: A Companion. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. pp. 209–13. ISBN 1-86064-983-1. 
  18. ^ a b Richardson, Matthew (2001). The Halstead Treasury of Ancient Science Fiction. Rushcutters Bay, New South Wales: Halstead Press. ISBN 1-875684-64-6.  (cf. "Once Upon a Time". Emerald City (85). September 2002. Retrieved 2008-09-17. )
  19. ^ Dr. Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (cf. Ibnul-Nafees As a Philosopher, Encyclopedia of Islamic World [2])
  20. ^ a b "Science Fiction". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  21. ^ Creator and presenter: Carl Sagan (1980-10-12). "The Harmony of the Worlds". Cosmos: A Personal Voyage. PBS.
  22. ^ "Carl Sagan on Johannes Kepler's persecution". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-07-24. 
  23. ^ Isaac, Asimov (1977). The Beginning and the End. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-13088-2. 
  24. ^ White, William (September 2009). "Science, Factions, and the Persistent Specter of War: Margaret Cavendish's Blazing World". Intersect: The Stanford Journal of Science, Technology and Society 2 (1): 40–51. Retrieved 2014-03-07. 
  25. ^ Michael Murphy (2011). A Description of the Blazing World. Broadview Press. ISBN 978-1-77048-035-3. 
  26. ^ http://skullsinthestars.com/2011/01/02/margaret-cavendishs-the-blazing-world-1666/
  27. ^ Robin Anne Reid (2009). Women in Science Fiction and Fantasy: Overviews. ABC-CLIO. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-313-33591-4. 
  28. ^ John Clute and Peter Nicholls (1993). "Mary W. Shelley". Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Orbit/Time Warner Book Group UK. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  29. ^ Wingrove, Aldriss (2001). Billion Year Spree: The History of Science Fiction (1973) Revised and expanded as Trillion Year Spree (with David Wingrove)(1986). New York: House of Stratus. ISBN 978-0-7551-0068-2. 
  30. ^ Poe, Edgar Allan. The Works of Edgar Allan Poe, Volume 1, "The Unparalleled Adventures of One Hans Pfaal". Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  31. ^ "Science Fiction". Encarta Online Encyclopedia. Microsoft. 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  32. ^ a b c Taormina, Agatha (2005-01-19). "A History of Science Fiction". Northern Virginia Community College. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  33. ^ Resnick, Mike (1997). "The Literature of Fandom". Mimosa (#21). Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  34. ^ "SF TIMELINE 1960–1970". Magic Dragon Multimedia. 2003-12-24. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  35. ^ Browning, Tonya (1993). A brief historical survey of women writers of science fiction. University of Texas in Austin. Archived from the original on December 8, 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-19. 
  36. ^ Philip Hayward (1993). Future Visions: New Technologies of the Screen. British Film Institute. pp. 180–204. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  37. ^ Allen Varney (2004-01-04). "Exploding Worlds!". Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  38. ^ Vera Nazarian (2005-05-21). "Intriguing Links to Fabulous People and Places...". Retrieved 2007-01-30. 
  39. ^ "Shards of Honor". NESFA Press. 2004-05-10. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  40. ^ David Richardson (July 1997). "Dead Man Walking". Cult Times. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  41. ^ Nazarro, Joe. "The Dream Given Form". TV Zone Special (#30). 
  42. ^ Darren Sumner (May 10, 2011). "Smallville bows this week — with Stargate's world record". GateWorld. Retrieved February 23, 2014. 
  43. ^ Vernor Vinge, The Coming Technological Singularity, Vision-21: Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in the Era of CyberSpace, NASA Conference Publication CP-10129, [3], 30–31 March 1993, accessdate=2007-08-07
  44. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000. 
  45. ^ Whittier, Terry (1987). Neo-Fan's Guidebook. 
  46. ^ Scalzi, John (2005). The Rough Guide to Sci-Fi Movies. 
  47. ^ Ellison, Harlan (1998). "Harlan Ellison's responses to online fan questions at ParCon". Retrieved 2006-04-25. 
  48. ^ John Clute and Peter Nicholls, ed. (1993). ""Sci fi" (article by Peter Nicholls)". Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Orbit/Time Warner Book Group UK. 
  49. ^ John Clute and Peter Nicholls, ed. (1993). ""SF" (article by Peter Nicholls)". Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. Orbit/Time Warner Book Group UK. 
  50. ^ "Ansible". David Langford. 
  51. ^ Sheila Schwartz (1971). "Science Fiction: Bridge between the Two Cultures". The English Journal. Retrieved 2007-03-26. 
  52. ^ Fraknoi, Andrew (2003-02-11). "Teaching Astronomy with Science Fiction: A Resource Guide". Astronomy Education Review (National Optical Astronomy Observatory). Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  53. ^ Scientist science fiction authors
  54. ^ Hartwell, David G. (August 1996). Age of Wonders. Tor Books. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  55. ^ Maas, Wendy (July 2004). Ray Bradbury: Master of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Enslow Publishers. 
  56. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Science fiction
  57. ^ Howell, Yvonne (1994). Apocalyptic Realism: The Science Fiction of Arkady and Boris Strugatsky. Peter Lang. ISBN 0-8204-1962-1. 
  58. ^ New World Encyclopedia: Science Fiction
  59. ^ Stableford, Brian (2006). Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis Group LLC. p. 113. 
  60. ^ It was later refined by William Gibson's book, Neuromancer which is credited with envisioning cyberspace.Bethke, Bruce. "Foreword to "Cyberpunk," a short story by Bruce Bethke". Infinity Plus. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  61. ^ James O'Ehley (July 1997). "SCI-FI MOVIE PAGE PICK: BLADE RUNNER — THE DIRECTOR'S CUT". Sci-Fi Movie Page. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  62. ^ Frank Artzenius and Tim Maudlin (2000-02-17). "Time Travel and Modern Physics". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  63. ^ Adam-Troy Castro (2006). "Off the Shelf: In the Presence of Mine Enemies (book review)". Sci Fi Weekly . Archived from the original on 3 June 2008. Retrieved 26 November 2008. 
  64. ^ Hall, Melissa Mia (April 7, 2008). "Master of Alternate History". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 26 November 2008. [dead link]
  65. ^ Henry Jenkins (1999-07-23). "Joe Haldeman, 1943-". Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  66. ^ "Website Interview with Toni Weisskopf on SF Canada". Baen Books. 2005-09-12. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  67. ^ Elyce Rae Helford, in Westfahl, Gary. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Greenwood Press, 2005: 289-290.
  68. ^ Ruth La Ferla "Steampunk Moves Between 2 Worlds" Newsweek, May 8, 2008
  69. ^ Peter Bebergal "The age of steampunk Nostalgia meets the future, joined carefully with brass screws" Boston Globe, August 26, 2007
  70. ^ Brian Braiker "Steampunking Technology A subculture hand-tools today's gadgets with Victorian style." The New York Times, October 31, 2007
  71. ^ http://www.sfwa.org/members/elgin/SFPoetryHandbook/Index.html
  72. ^ http://www.sfpoetry.com/
  73. ^ a b Stableford, Brian Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Literature, "Poetry", p. 267
  74. ^ "Science Fiction Citations". Retrieved 2007-01-08. 
  75. ^ "Aeon Magazine Writer's Guidelines". Aeon Magazine. 2006-04-26. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  76. ^ "Anne McCaffrey". tor.com. 1999-08-16. Archived from the original on November 9, 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-24. 
  77. ^ a b "Information About SFWA". Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, Inc. Archived from the original on December 24, 2005. Retrieved 2006-01-16. 
  78. ^ Peggy Rae Sapienza and Judy Kindell (2006-03-23). "Student Science Fiction and Fantasy Contest". L.A.con IV. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  79. ^ Steven H Silver (2000-09-39). "Program notes". Chicon 2000. Archived from the original on December 10, 2000. Retrieved 2001-01-16. 
  80. ^ Carol Berg. "Links, "Conventions and Writers' Workshops"". Retrieved 2001-01-16. 
  81. ^ "The Hugo Awards By Category". World Science Fiction Society. 2006-07-26. Retrieved 2006-01-16. 
  82. ^ The American Heritage College Dictionary (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1993), 494.
  83. ^ Robert B. Marks (May 1997). "On Incorporating Mythology into Fantasy, or How to Write Mythical Fantasy in 752 Easy Steps". Story and Myth. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  84. ^ Jameson, Fredric (2007). Archaeologies of the Future: This Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions. London and New York: Verso. pp. 58–59. 
  85. ^ Elkins, Charles (November 1980). "Recent Bibliographies of Science Fiction and Fantasy". Science Fiction Studies. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  86. ^ David Carroll and Kyla Ward (May 1993). "The Horror Timeline, "Part I: Pre-20th Century"". Burnt Toast (#13). Retrieved 2001-01-16. 
  87. ^ Austin, Chad. "Horror Films Still Scaring – and Delighting – Audiences". North Carolina State University News. Archived from the original on January 8, 2007. Retrieved 2006-01-16. 
  88. ^ "Utopian ideas hidden inside Dystopian sf". False Positives. November 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  89. ^ Glenn, Joshua (2000-12-22). "Philip K. Dick (1928–1982)". Hermenaut (#13). Retrieved 2007-01-16. 
  90. ^ McBride, Jim (November 1997). "Spotlight On... Robert J. Sawyer". Fingerprints (Crime Writes of Canada) (November 1997). Retrieved 2007-01-08. 
  91. ^ von Thorn, Alexander (August 2002). Aurora Award acceptance speech. Calgary, Alberta. 
  92. ^ Wertham, Fredric (1973). The World of Fanzines. Carbondale & Evanston: Southern Illinois University Press. 
  93. ^ "Fancyclopedia I: C — Cosmic Circle". fanac.org. 1999-08-12. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  94. ^ Lawrence Watt-Evans (1000-03-15). "What Are Science Fiction Conventions Like?". Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  95. ^ a b Mike Glyer (November 1998). "Is Your Club Dead Yet?" ( – Scholar search). File 770 (127). Retrieved 2007-01-17. [dead link]
  96. ^ Robert Runte (2003). "History of sf Fandom". Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  97. ^ "Origins of the Middle Kingdom". Folump Enterprises. 1994. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  98. ^ Ken St. Andre (2006-02-03). "History". Central Arizona Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on December 6, 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  99. ^ Patten, Fred (2006). Furry! The World's Best Anthropomorphic Fiction. ibooks. 
  100. ^ Rob Hansen (2003-08-13). "British Fanzine Bibliography". Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  101. ^ a b "Hugo Awards by Category". World Science Fiction Society. 2006-07-26. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  102. ^ Keith Lynch (1994-07-14). "History of the Net is Important". Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  103. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2003. Retrieved 2007-01-17. 
  104. ^ National Science Foundation survey: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Public Understanding. Science Fiction and Pseudoscience.
  105. ^ Bainbridge, William Sims (1982). "The Impact of Science Fiction on Attitudes Toward Technology". In Emme, Eugene Morlock. Science fiction and space futures: past and present. Univelt. ISBN 978-0-87703-173-4. 
  106. ^ Bennett, An Introduction, ix–xi, 120–21; Schor, Introduction to Cambridge Companion, 1–5; Seymour, 548–61.
  107. ^ a b Shippey, Tom (1991) Fictional Space. Essays on Contemporary Science Fiction, page 2, Humanities Press International, Inc., NJ
  108. ^ Le Guin, Ursula K. (1976) "Science Fiction and Mrs Brown," in The Language of the Night: Essays on Fantasy and Science Fiction, Perennial HarperCollins, Revised edition 1993; in Science Fiction at Large (ed. Peter Nichols), Gollancz, London, 1976; in Explorations of the Marvellous (ed. Peter Nichols), Fontana, London, 1978; in Speculations on Speculation. Theories of Science Fiction (eds. James Gunn and Matthew Candelaria), The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Maryland, 2005.
  109. ^ Suvin, Darko (1979) Metamorphoses of Science Fiction: On the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre, New Haven, pp. 63-84.
  110. ^ Card, O.:Ender's Game, Introduction. Macmillan, 2006
  111. ^ Benford, Gregory (1998) "Meaning-Stuffed Dreams:Thomas Disch and the future of SF", New York Review of Science Fiction, September, Number 121, Vol. 11, No. 1
  112. ^ Lethem, Jonathan (1998), "Close Encounters: The Squandered Promise of Science Fiction", Village Voice, June. Also reprinted in a slightly expanded version under the title "Why Can't We All Live Together?: A Vision of Genre Paradise Lost" in the New York Review of Science Fiction, September 1998, Number 121, Vol 11, No. 1.
  113. ^ Van Gelder, Gordon (1998) "Editorial," Fantasy and Science Fiction, October/November v95 #4/5 #567
  114. ^ a b Barnett, David. "Gaiman's choice: shouldn't good writing tell a story too?," The Guardian, London, June 23, 2010,
  115. ^ Barnett, David. "Science fiction: the genre that dare not speak its name," The Guardian, London, January 28, 2009.
  116. ^ Jean Déjeux, Mohammed Dib,CELFAN Editions, 1987 (p. 15).
  117. ^ http://nehandaradio.com/2011/06/07/first-science-fiction-novel-in-shona/
  118. ^ http://www.literaturaprospectiva.com/?p=4544
  119. ^ Jung Yeo-ul, 2009, Review of U, Robot in List vol. 4. http://www.list.or.kr/articles/article_view.htm?Div1=5&Idx=194
  120. ^ Cho Sung-myeon, 2013, "Chronicling Korean Science Fiction," List vol. 20, http://www.list.or.kr/articles/article_view.htm?Div1=8&Idx=1144
  121. ^ a b c Shin Junebong, 2009, "A Rush of Science Fiction Novels," List vol. 6, http://www.list.or.kr/articles/article_view.htm?Div1=1&Idx=294
  122. ^ Bok Dohoon, 2013, "Science Fiction in Korea," List vol. 20, http://www.list.or.kr/articles/article_view.htm?Div1=13&Idx=1134
  123. ^ http://vilaingeek.com/fiches-tech/tout-sur-sci-fi/; Sci-Fi - Fiche technique;
  124. ^ "German SF" by Franz Rottensteiner, in: Neil Barron. ed. Anatomy of Wonder. Third Edition. New York: Bowker, 1987. pp.379-404.
  125. ^ "Perry Rhodan 35th anniversary" (Press release). Perry-Rhodan-USA.com. September 8, 1996. Retrieved 2009-01-26. 
  126. ^ "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema | 12. Metropolis". Empire. 
  127. ^ "100 Greatest Films of the Silent Era". Silent Era. Retrieved 27 October 2011. 
  128. ^ http://books.google.com/books/about/Roger_Ebert_s_Movie_home_companion.html?id=clLhkwBlA_8C; Metropolis; at p. 209
  129. ^ Fetzer, Leland (1982). Pre-Revolutionary Russian science fiction: an anthology (seven utopias and a dream). Ardis; the University of Michigan. 
  130. ^ McGuire, Patrick L. (1985). Red stars: political aspects of Soviet science fiction. Issue 7 of Studies in speculative fiction. UMI Research Press. "The Soviet Union has more professional science fiction writers than any country in the world except the United States and possibly Britain, and many of these writers are talented." 
  131. ^ a b Stableford, Brian (2004). Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction Literature. Scarecrow Press. 
  132. ^ McGuire, Patrick L. (1985). Red stars: political aspects of Soviet science fiction. Issue 7 of Studies in speculative fiction. UMI Research Press. 
  133. ^ The Quietus Cosmic Communism: Soviet Science Fiction on Film
  134. ^ Andrei Lubensky.
    Wikisource has original text related to this article:
  135. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. Science fiction
  136. ^ Russia-IC: Kir Bulychov
  137. ^ Oldie, H.L.; Dyachenko, Marina and Sergey; Valentinov, Andrey (2005). Пять авторов в поисках ответа (послесловие к роману "Пентакль") [Five authors in search for answers (an afterword fo Pentacle)] (in Russian). Moscow: Eksmo. ISBN 5-699-09313-3. "Украиноязычная фантастика переживает сейчас не лучшие дни. ... Если же говорить о фантастике, написанной гражданами Украины в целом, независимо от языка (в основном, естественно, на русском), — то здесь картина куда более радужная. В Украине сейчас работают более тридцати активно издающихся писателей-фантастов, у кого регулярно выходят книги (в основном, в России), кто пользуется заслуженной любовью читателей; многие из них являются лауреатами ряда престижных литературных премий, в том числе и международных.

    Speculative fiction in Ukrainian is living through a hard time today... Speaking of fiction written by Ukrainian citizens, regardless of language (primarily Russian, of course), there's a brighter picture. More than 30 fantasy and science fiction writers are active here, their books are regularly published (in Russia, mostly), they enjoy the readers' love they deserve; many are recipients of prestigious literary awards, including international."     
  138. ^ a b Arielle Saiber. Flying Saucers Would Never Land in Lucca: The Fiction of Italian Science Fiction
  139. ^ David G. Hartwell, Damien Broderick (ed.), Centaurus: The best of Australian science fiction, Damien Broderick, Introduction, p.10-21 Tor Books, 1999m ISBN 0-312-86556-2
  140. ^ David G. Hartwell, Damien Broderick (ed.), Centaurus: The best of Australian science fiction, David. G. Hartwell, The other editor's introduction, ibid., pp. 22-25, Tor Books, 1999, ISBN 0-312-86556-2
  141. ^ Causo, Roberto de Sousa. "Balanço 2009: Primeiros romances de ficção científica". Terra Magazine. Retrieved 15 October 2011. 
  142. ^ Bell, Andrea (1999), "Science Fiction in Latin America: Reawakenings", Science Fiction Studies, November, Number 26, No. 3, pp. 441-46.

References[edit]

  • Aldiss, Brian. Billion Year Spree: The True History of Science Fiction, 1973.
  • Aldiss, Brian, and Wingrove, David. Trillion Year Spree: The History of Science Fiction, revised and updated edition, 1986.
  • Amis, Kingsley. New Maps of Hell: A Survey of Science Fiction, 1958.
  • Barron, Neil, ed. Anatomy of Wonder: A Critical Guide to Science Fiction (5th ed.). Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2004. ISBN 1-59158-171-0.
  • Broderick, Damien. Reading by Starlight: Postmodern Science Fiction. London: Routledge, 1995. Print.
  • Clute, John Science Fiction: The Illustrated Encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley, 1995. ISBN 0-7513-0202-3.
  • Clute, John and Peter Nicholls, eds., The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. St Albans, Herts, UK: Granada Publishing, 1979. ISBN 0-586-05380-8.
  • Clute, John and Peter Nicholls, eds., The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. New York: St Martin's Press, 1995. ISBN 0-312-13486-X.
  • Disch, Thomas M. The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of. New York: The Free Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-684-82405-5.
  • Jameson, Fredric. Archaeologies of the Future: This Desire Called Utopia and Other Science Fictions. London and New York: Verso, 2005.
  • Milner, Andrew. Locating Science Fiction. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2012.
  • Raja, Masood Ashraf, Jason W. Ellis and Swaralipi Nandi. eds., The Postnational Fantasy: Essays on Postcolonialism, Cosmopolitics and Science Fiction. McFarland 2011. ISBN 978-0-7864-6141-7.
  • Reginald, Robert. Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature, 1975–1991. Detroit, MI/Washington, D.C./London: Gale Research, 1992. ISBN 0-8103-1825-3.
  • Suvin, Darko. Metamorphoses of Science Fiction: on the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre. New Haven : Yale University Press, 1979.
  • Weldes, Jutta, ed. To Seek Out New Worlds: Exploring Links between Science Fiction and World Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. ISBN 0-312-29557-X.
  • Westfahl, Gary, ed. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders (three volumes). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2005.
  • Wolfe, Gary K. Critical Terms for Science Fiction and Fantasy: A Glossary and Guide to Scholarship. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986. ISBN 0-313-22981-3.

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